The Urban American Indian Collective- FIND YOUR TRIBE!

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Stolen Heritage

"The U.S. government's efforts to assimilate American Indians into mainstream culture can be seen throughout the 20th century. American Indians could move from their rural tribes to metropolitan areas such as Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, Cleveland, and Seattle. The urban relocation program changed the face of cities as well as American Indian culture." -American Indian Urban Relocation Program (Archives.gov)

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The (Khan) Prince of Florida c.1723 in the jewel room of the Green Vault in Dresden. This photo was taken in 2006

"European contact nearly wiped out the Waccamaw. Because we had no defense for the diseases they brought, our people died by the hundreds. When the Europeans needed labor, our people were forced into slavery. The king ordered all owners to free their Indian slaves (c1752). The loss of their slaves, however, would have devastated the plantations, and so the owners simply tried to turn us Black. After the Emancipation Proclamation, thousands of Indians walked off the cotton fields along with the Blacks."

Waccamaw Indian Nation of S.Carolina

Indian in the Family?

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"Some American Indians were counted as negro/colored/black, especially if they did not relocate to reservations. For example, one of my 7x great grands was full blood Choctaw in Mississippi. He did not relocate to Oklahoma during the time of the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek (1832, I believe) because he lived with his tribe/family and his wife could not relocate with him (she was from a different NDN tribe and was a slave). Although he was a free man, he was called negro/colored because his skin was brown."

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"Court records prove many natives identities literally change from “Indian” to “Negro” “Mulatto” and other , from a simple claim by a white citizen attempting to put a Indian into servitude. What became clear was the calculated use of the word “Negro” on certain Carolina natives, and when the word ” Slave” has been used or researched it applied to “Indians” as well. So be careful of thinking, just because you found a relative that was identified as a slave, he was of African decent!"

Yamassee Indian Nation of S.Carolina

(57)"The Virginia Vital Statistics Bureau classed all nonreservation Indians as ``Negro''

-THOMASINA E. JORDAN INDIAN TRIBES OF VIRGINIA FEDERAL RECOGNITION ACT OF 2009

A History of Misnomer

Congress finds the following:

(1) Historically, the Muscogee (Creek) Nation (“Creek Nation”) were comprised of a confederacy of separate towns, Tribes, and peoples. Each town was a complete governmental unit in and of itself. Among those peoples were the Yamassee or Jamassi, who were reported to have emigrated from Africa prior to the European discovery of America.

-H. R. 4637 117th CONGRESS
1st Session Introduced in House (07/22/2021)

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"In the early 19th century, the US government believed that some tribes had become extinct, especially on the Southeast Coast and those without reservations. It did not have a separate census designation for Native Americans. Those who remained among the European-American communities were frequently listed as mulatto a term applied to Native American-white, Native American-African, and African-white mixed-race people, as well as tri-racial people."

Wassamasaw Indian Nation of S.Carolina

“A typical Accomac or Accohannock Indian was brown or tawny in color, with dark eyes, a smooth, beardless face, and straight black hair.”

The Accomac and Accohannock Indians from Early Relations by C.A. Weslager (1961)

“Powhatan more like a devil then a man with some two hundred more as black as himself, came unto him and told him now they were friends, and presently he should go to Jamestown.”

The Generall historie of Virginia, New England, and the summer isles 1624 pages 62,102

Accawmackes Indian Nation of Virginia

Indian in the Family?

These are historical American Indian tribes in the United States that no longer exist as tribes today. A tribe can have living descendants and still be extinct as a political entity.
FIND YOUR TRIBE.

A

B

Bidai

C

D

E

H

J

Jumanos

K

Keyauwee

M

N

O

Ozinie

P

S

T

U

Utina

W

Y

Yaocomico

Genealogy Services Available

The Urban American Indian Collective- FIND YOUR TRIBE!

The Urban American Indian Collective- FIND YOUR TRIBE!

Stolen Heritage

Thanks for submitting!

The (Khan) Prince of Florida c.1723 in the jewel room of the Green Vault in Dresden. This photo was taken in 2006

Indian in the Family?

FIND YOUR TRIBE.

A History of Misnomer

Indian in the Family?

These are historical American Indian tribes in the United States that no longer exist as tribes today. A tribe can have living descendants and still be extinct as a political entity.
FIND YOUR TRIBE.

A

B

C

D

E

H

J

K

Keyauwee

M

N

O

P

S

T

U

Utina

W

Y

Like our collective? Donate to help fund our research efforts.

Copyright © 2014-2024 Urban American Indian Collective Inc.

The Urban American Indian Collective- FIND YOUR TRIBE!

The Urban American Indian Collective- FIND YOUR TRIBE!

Stolen Heritage

Thanks for submitting!

The (Khan) Prince of Florida c.1723 in the jewel room of the Green Vault in Dresden. This photo was taken in 2006

Indian in the Family?

FIND YOUR TRIBE.

A History of Misnomer

Indian in the Family?

These are historical American Indian tribes in the United States that no longer exist as tribes today. A tribe can have living descendants and still be extinct as a political entity. FIND YOUR TRIBE.

A

B

C

D

E

H

J

K

Keyauwee

M

N

O

P

S

T

​

U

Utina

​

W

Y

Like our collective? Donate to help fund our research efforts.

Copyright © 2014-2024 Urban American Indian Collective Inc.

These are historical American Indian tribes in the United States that no longer exist as tribes today. A tribe can have living descendants and still be extinct as a political entity.
FIND YOUR TRIBE.